The current study examines patterns of attachment/self-protective strategies and rates of unresolved loss/trauma in children and adolescents presenting to a multidisciplinary gender service. Fifty-seven children and adolescents (8.42–15.92 years; 24 birth-assigned males and 33 birth-assigned females) presenting with gender dysphoria participated in structured attachment interviews coded using dynamic-maturational model (DMM) discourse analysis. The children with gender dysphoria were compared to age- and sex-matched children from the community (non-clinical group) and a group of school-age children with mixed psychiatric disorders (mixed psychiatric group). Information about adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), mental health diagnoses, and global level of functioning was also collected. Results indicate that akin to children with other forms of psychological distress, children with gender dysphoria present in the context of multiple interacting risk factors that include at-risk attachment, unresolved loss/trauma, family conflict and loss of family cohesion, and exposure to multiple ACEs.
This course is based on the reading-based online article, Attachment Patterns in Children and Adolescents With Gender Dysphoria created by Kasia Kozlowska, PhD., et al. in 2021.
Publication Date:
Frontier Psychology 11:582688 Jan 2021
Course Material Authors
Course Material Authors authored the material only, and were not involved in creating this CE course. They are identified here for your own evaluation of the relevancy of the material this course is based on.
Kasia Kozlowska, PhD.
Dr. Kasia Kozlowska is a Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist at The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Australia, a Clinical Associate Professor in the Disciplines of Psychiatry and of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney Medical School, and a clinical researcher at The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead, Australia. Her interests include the treatment of children with somatic symptoms and their families, the integration of attachment assessments and systems thinking into clinical practice, and the neurobiology of the fear cascade.
Catherine Chudleigh
Catherine Chudleigh is a research psychologist at the University of Sydney and is affiliated with The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Australia. Her top areas of expertise are Hyperventilation, Conversion Disorder, Absence Seizure, and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure.
Georgia McClure, PhD.
Georgia McClure holds an Honours degree in psychology from Macquarie University and a combined Doctorate of Clinical Psychology/ Masters of Science from the University of Sydney and is an Associate Member of the Australian Clinical Psychology Association (ACPA). She has experience working with individuals across the lifespan and has worked with individuals to provide comprehensive assessment and treatment for depression, anxiety, relationship problems, emotion regulation and illness/health concerns. She is particularly interested in child, adolescent and family therapy.
Elizabeth Mosco, Ph.D. is a licensed psychologist in Reno, NV. She opened a private practice
after 10 years of conducting home-based assessment and therapy with the VA Sierra Nevada
Health Care System. Dr. Mosco’s clinical interests include maternal mental health, older adults,
and third wave cognitive behavioral therapies.
Recommended For:
Counselors, marriage and family therapists, psychologists and social workers. This course is appropriate for all levels of knowledge.
Course Objectives:
After taking this course, you should be able to:
Describe the Dynamic-Maturational Model of Attachment and Adaptation.
List at least 3 psychiatric diagnoses and/or adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) associated with children with gender dysphoria.
Compare at-risk attachment patterns in children with gender dysphoria with clinical and non-clinical age and sex-matched children.
Disclosure to Learners
Disclosure of Relevant Financial Relationships
CE Learning Systems adheres to the ACCME's Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited
Continuing Medical Education. Any individuals in a position to control the content of a CE activity –
including faculty, planners, reviewers, or others ― are required to disclose all relevant financial
relationships with ineligible entities (formerly known as commercial interests).
The following relevant financial relationships have been disclosed by this activity's planners, faculty, and
the reviewer:
Planners and Reviewers
The planners of this activity have reported that they have no relevant financial relationships.
Commercial support
There is no commercial support for this distance-learning course.
Exam Questions
All exam questions for the course are visible on this page for members of CE-Credit.com.
Membership is free, and you can register today!
You'll only pay when you're ready to purchase a course, or if you take advantage of the Unlimited Package.
If you're already a member, please sign in to see the exam questions for this and all other courses.
Discuss this course
You can share your thoughts about this course after you pass the exam.
Is this course approved for my continuing education requirements?
Yes, most likely. Look Up Your State Board for more detailed information. Logged-in site members will see the relevant approval information displayed in the Approvals tab for every course.
Do you have accommodations for my disability (ADA)?
If you are having trouble using CE-Credit.com, please contact us! We would be happy to accommodate your needs right away, and your input will help us make CE-Credit.com more accessible for future users too.
How do I enroll in this course?
Use the Enroll In This Course button and just follow the instructions! You don't pay anything until you're ready
to take an exam.
What do I have to do to complete the course?
To complete the course, review the course objectives, then review the material, and then pass the exam with a score of 75% or greater and lastly complete an evaluation.
How do I access the materials?
Most of our courses are based on online articles available for free to the public. Some courses, such as
those based on books, require that you purchase the material. Use the Materials tab above for more
info. You don't need to enroll in the course to access materials, whether free or paid. So you always
know what you're getting into before you commit to taking the exam.
How do I get my certificate?
Your certificate(s) will be available to download or email immediately when you pass the course exam and complete the evaluation.
Can I contact you for more help?
Yes! Use the Help widget at the bottom-right of the screen anywhere on CE-Credit.com to search our help docs, or to ask our support team for help. Unlike most of our competitors, CE-Credit.com has live US-based support reps to help you by email, chat, or phone.
